Designing in ISD
This phase insures the systematic development of the training program. This process is driven by the products of the analysis phase and ends in a model or blueprint of the training process for future development. The model should contain at least five key outputs:
- Learning objectives
- Learning steps (performance steps)
- Performance test
- Entry behaviors
- Structure and sequence the instructional outline
The learning objectives tell what tasks the learners will be able to perform after they finish the learning process, the learning steps tell how to perform the tasks, while the performance test tells how well the tasks must be met.
The entry behaviors describe what the learners must know before entering the training process. Just as a college requires certain standards to be met in order to enroll, a learning process should require a base level of knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSA).
Finally, the learning objectives are sequenced in an orderly fashion to provide the best opportunity for learning to occur.
This process builds the basic instructional outline and requirements that are then fleshed out in the Development phase of ISD and by using other instructional design techniques.
There are no better terms available to describe the difference between the approach of the natural and the social sciences than to call the former “objective” and the latter “subjective”... While for the natural scientist the contrast between objective facts and subjective opinions is a simple one, the distinction cannot as readily be applied to the object of the social sciences. The reason for this is that the object, the “facts” of the social sciences are also opinions — not opinions of the student of the social phenomena, of course, but opinions of those whose actions produce the object of the social scientist. - The Counter-Revolution of Science by Friedrich August Von Hayek.
Next Steps
Go to the next section: Develop Objectives
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References
U.S. Army Field Artillery School (1984). A System Approach To Training (Course Student textbook). ST - 5K061FD92
U.S. Department of Defense Training Document (1975). Pamphlet 350-30. August, 1975.